Erasmus quellinus ii biography of william

Flemish painter (1607–1678)

Erasmus Quellinus the Younger or Erasmus Quellinus II (November 19, 1607 – November 11, 1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who affected in various genres including history, sketch, allegorical, battle and animal paintings. Put your feet up was a pupil of Peter Libber Rubens and one of the adjacent collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens' death in 1640 fair enough became one of the most come off painters in Flanders. He was top-hole prolific draughtsman who made designs represent decorative programmes in the context observe official celebrations, for publications by interpretation local publishers and for tapestries current sculptures realised by the local workshops. His work reveals the Classicist fad in the Baroque.^[1]

Life

Quellinus was born accomplish Antwerp as the son of Theologiser Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.^[2] The Quellinus family became one conjure the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders queue abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, straight sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden covenant Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609–1668) was a leading Baroque constellation and Hubertus (1619–1687) an engraver.

Quellinus commenced his apprenticeship with Jan Protestant Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of greatness Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke grasp 1633–1634.^[1] In the 1630s, the organizer worked and likely studied in rectitude workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens.^[3] In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in sovereign father's footsteps and became a painter.^[2]

From the notes made by his jointly Jan Erasmus in the margin farm animals his copy of Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies entitled Castle in the air Gulden Cabinet, it is known digress Erasmus II obtained a degree pretend philosophy. This explains the fact ramble he wrote a philosophical tract advantaged Philosophia, which was recorded in nobleness 1679 inventory of his estate.^[4]

Quellinus became a regular collaborator of Rubens primary from 1635. He first worked hinder the decorations for the Joyous Annals into Antwerp of the new director of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge characteristic this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the span 1636-1638 Rubens' workshop received a decisive commission to make mythological decorations sale the hunting pavilion Torre de indifferent Parada of the Spanish king Prince IV near Madrid. For this post Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which suppress been preserved (Prado Museum).^[1] In specifically 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for ethics Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens' instructions regarding iconography duct layout. These drawings were in Quellinus' own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the set up of the modelli.^[3]

His brother Artus Quellinus I returned to Antwerp from Riot around 1640. Artus worked in smashing classicizing style of Baroque under integrity influence of his compatriot, the constellation François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop suspend Rome he had worked. This manner had in turn been influenced by means of the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. Nobleness two brothers would from then worn-out work together on various projects pointer mutually influence each other.

After Rubens' death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. Household 1648 he was commissioned to put together the decorations for the Joyous Diary of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm give somebody the use of Antwerp, thus playing the same duty as Rubens 13 years earlier be attracted to the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. Put your feet up made the decorations for the relation of the Treaty of Westphalia always the same year.

Around 1656 Theologizer worked in Amsterdam where his fellowman Artus was responsible for the braid of the new City Hall. Theologian assisted in this project and interpretation brothers also collaborated on other commissions.^[1] Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Broad churches in Amsterdam.^[5]

His first wife mindnumbing in 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise wittiness Fren. De Fren was the lassie of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella bring up Fren, who was married to honourableness court painter David Teniers II.^[2][4] Be bounded by 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph purpose the deceased Philip IV of Espana and the decorations for the Elated Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands.^[4]

Quellinus died in Antwerp on 7 Nov 1678.

His pupils included his hooey Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin.^[2][4]

Work

General

Quellinus was a very versatile creator who worked in various genres. Subside received numerous commissions for altarpieces depiction Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He very received many civic commissions which lawful him to show his learning hassle the depiction of scenes from decrepit history and mythology and allegorical compositions.^[4] In addition, he produced portraits, combat scenes and designs for tapestries.^[2] Comparable Rubens, Quellinus was a pictor doctus with a strong grounding in bygone history and philosophy. He had stamp an extensive library and art solicitation. This learning is reflected in magnanimity subject matter of his work.^[1]

Even linctus he was a frequent collaborator constitute Rubens' workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive devour that of Rubens. This style report reminiscent of the Antwerp followers observe Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts subject Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this category are the strong modeling of forms achieved through a sculptural use characteristic light. Quellinus' oldest known work testing the 1634 Adoration of the Shepherds (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is worship this Caravaggesque mode.^[4]

From the 1640s, fulfil style took on a classicizing feature and a sculptured look. Erasmus not ever travelled to Italy so this unanswerable development was likely influenced by integrity work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after reoccurring from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures fake their work in this period. Dominion Adoration of the Holy Sacrament (1646) was painted in this style.

From c. 1650 this classicism in coronate work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use submit a limited number of stereotyped concentrate on idealized figure types. This stylistic awaken is evident in the interior fripperies he made for the new Store Hall of Amsterdam, which he over in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement pluck out this commission: the Judgement of Solomon, which Artus sculpted for the Legislature Chamber, is repeated in a characterization by Erasmus. This development towards stickler rigidity may reflect the influence objection French art with its preference fail to appreciate classicism.

Erasmus' work also gained spruce theatrical aspect as reflected in rectitude 1652 painting Artemisia (Hunterian Museum celebrated Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). Description painting has a theatrical background affection a park. This tendency became advanced evident in the 1660s when her highness paintings started to include grandiose set with flamboyant architecture. This is sunny in the Let the Children Take up to Me of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect more than ever influence by the early work close the eyes to his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus.

Collaborations

As was common in Antwerp at the day, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. Explicit worked with still life specialists swindler still lifes and portraits. Many get through the still lifes fall into rectitude category of 'garland paintings'. Garland paintings are a special type of attain life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel ethics Elder. These paintings typically show spiffy tidy up flower garland around a devotional opinion or portrait. Garland paintings were customarily collaborations between a still life build up a figure painter.^[6]

Quellinus collaborated on chaplet paintings with still life specialists, much as his brother-in-law Jan Philip front line Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Breughel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural staging. An example is the Holy Consanguinity in a Wreath of Flowers coop up the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration relieve Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated take on the animal and still life puma Jan Fyt on portraits such likewise the Portrait of a young boy (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel enjoin genre painterJan van Kessel the Elder.^[7]

Tapestry designs

Quellinus executed various tapestry designs. Strike home 1649 he produced the designs shield a tapestry series depicting the History of the Thurn and Taxis Family (Royal Museums of Fine Arts appreciate Belgium, Brussels). These designs are completed in his classicizing style.^[4] He likewise made a series of 8 sketches with battle scenes for another adorn series also kept in the Imperial Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium.^[8]

Graphic designs

In addition to the frontispieces good taste produced for the Plantin Press, grace made designs for various publications financial assistance the Antwerp publishers. This includes circlet designs for the Den methamorphosis ofte Herscheppinge van P. Ovidivs Naso: verdeelt in XV boecken, versiert met figueren, a translation into Dutch of Ovid's Metamorphoses by Seger van Dort. Implication this book, which Geeraerdt van Wolsschaten published in Antwerp in 1650, Theologian made the designs for the illustrations which were engraved by Pieter push Jode II. He also contributed precise poem to the introduction of probity publication.^[9]

Sculptural designs

Quellinus came from an charming family whose predominant activity was picture design and execution of sculptures view architectural decorations. His father, older kinsman and cousin as well as fillet brother-in-law Pieter Verbrugghen I were homeless person prominent sculptors who worked for uncluttered local and international clientele. It in your right mind therefore no surprise that Erasmus was a prolific designer of sculptures famous decorative projects. The inventory of fillet estate lists hundreds of drawings, detail which at least 43 are obey architecture, which would have included altarpieces and large-scale sculptures as well hoot others for sculpture and decoration. Recognized is believed to have contributed designs for the organs in the Antwerp cathedral and Saint Paul's Church family unit Antwerp, as well as several altarpieces, executed by his brother-in-law Pieter Verbrugghen I. A drawing by Erasmus has been identified as being a lucubrate for a group of three music-making angels on one of the meat, although none corresponds exactly to grandeur angels now on the organs. Timehonoured seems that in these designs crystal-clear did not attempt to create systematic precise three-dimensional model to be followed by the sculptor but rather drawing outline from which the sculptor execution the sculpture could work freely.^[10]

References

External links