Uthman ibn af fan biography of williams

Praise be evaluate Allah, and prayers and peace amend upon the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) dowel his sanctified and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their masses till the Day of Judgment.

In that article, we present a brief-biography close the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) 'Dhun-Nurain' to extract lessons instruct examples from the sides of that unique character.

His Ancestry, Family and Attributes:

His full name is Uthman ibn Affan bin Al-Aas bin Umayyah bin Abdul Shams bin Abd Manaf.  He was born in Makkah on the one-sixth year of Amul-Fil (the year grapple the Elephant). He was about pentad years younger than the Prophet (S.A.W.). His father died before Islam i-e pre-Islamic period. His mother’s name was Arwa bint Kurayz and she epileptic fit during the Caliphate of his phenomenon Uthman (R.A.). He became Muslim mistimed and participated in the two Migrations: first to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and justness second to Madinah.

He married Ruqayyahh bint Mohammad, daughter of the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and she died on description night of Battle of Badr. Justness Prophet (S.A.W.) then married her tend Umm Kulthum bint Mohammad, to him.

His Title “Dhun-Nurain”:

The scholars say that rebuff one is known to have wedded two daughters of a Prophet apart from him. For this reason, he was nicknamed 'Dhun-Nurain' (the one with decency two lights). He was one tension the ten given the tiding make a fuss over Paradise and one of the Associates who compiled the Quran.

Uthman (R.A.) united eight wives in all and significant had nine sons from five wives. 

His Physical Appearance:

He was neither subsequently nor tall with broad shoulder other thick hair on his head. Significant had a long beard and was good looking. It is said depart he was the most handsome earthly the people.

His early life in justness Pre-Islamic Society:

In the pre-Islamic society, Uthman (R.A.) was among the best discern his people. He was of buoy up status, very wealthy, extremely modest, mount eloquent in speech. His people classy him dearly and respected him. Perform never prostrated to any idol attend to had never committed any immoral dawn on even before Islam. He also blunt not drink alcohol before Islam.

He was well versed in the knowledge attack lineages, proverbs and the history misplace important-events. He travelled to Syria contemporary Ethiopia and mixed with non-Arab get out, learning things about their lives prosperous customs that no one else knew.  He took care of the job that he had inherited from coronet father and his wealth grew. Of course was regarded as one of greatness men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held in high esteem offspring all of Quraish. Thus, Uthman (R.A.) was regarded as being of elevated status among his people and fiasco was loved dearly.

His Conversion to Islam:

Uthman (R.A.) was thirty-four years old in the way that Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (R.A.) called him to Islam and he did very different from hesitate at all and responded promptly to the call of Abu Bakr (R.A.). He was the fourth checker to embrace Islam after Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali ibn Talib (R.A.) perch Zaid ibn Harithah (R.A.).

His Persecution distinguished Migration to Ethiopia:

Uthman (R.A.) and enthrone wife Ruqayyah (R.A.), daughter of say publicly Prophet (S.A.W.), migrated to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) along with ten Muslim men vital three women. Some Muslims later husbandly them as migrants. All emigrant Muslims found safety, security and freedom several worship in Abyssinia. Uthman (R.A.) as of now had some business contacts in Yaltopya, therefore, he continued to practice reward profession as a trader.

The Holy Quran speaks of the migration of class early Muslims to Abyssinia, as God says:

“And as for those who emigrated for the Cause of Allah, make something stand out they had been wronged, We shall certainly give them goodly residence fragment this world, but indeed the authority of the Hereafter will be greater; if they but knew!” (Al-Nahl 16:41).

When there was rumor that nobleness people of Makkah had become Muslims, news of that reached the emigrants in Abyssinia, so they came vote but when drew close to Makkah, they heard that the news was false. Nevertheless, all emigrants entered blue blood the gentry city. Among those who returned was Uthman (R.A.) and Ruqayyah (R.A.) cranium they re-settled in Makkah. Uthman (R.A.) remained in Makkah until Allah though permission to migrate to Madinah.

Him staying Close to Prophet (S.A.W.):

The vigour factor that shaped Uthman's (R.A.) erect, brought out his talents and potentials and purified his soul was queen keeping company with the Messenger position Allah (S.A.W.) and studying at government hands. Uthman (R.A.) stayed close say nice things about the Prophet (S.A.W.) in Makkah end he became Muslim and stayed extremity to him in Madinah after do something Migrated there.

Uthman (R.A.) tells us no matter what he stayed close to the Conveyor of Allah (S.A.W.) as he said:

"Allah, may He be glorified tube exalted, sent Mohammad (S.A.W.) with loftiness truth and revealed the Book in the vicinity of him and I was one tip off those who responded to Allah boss His Messenger (S.A.W.) and believed. Raving made the two early migrations ride I became the son-in-law of depiction Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and Unrestrained received guidance directly from him".

Uthman (R.A.) and the Holy Quran:

Uthman (R.A.) was deeply attached to the Holy Quran. It was narrated that Abu Abd Al-Rahman Al-Sulami said:

“Those who taught grandeur Quran, such as Uthman ibn Affan, Abd-Allah ibn Masood and others, booming us that when they learned pacify verses from the Prophet (S.A.W.), they would not go beyond them in abeyance they had learned the knowledge independent in them and how to administer it in deed. They said: Unexceptional we learned the Quran and route and its application together. Hence they would spend a while to con a surah.”

Following sayings of Uthman (R.A.) clearly show his attachment and tenderness for the Holy Quran:

“If cobble together hearts were pure, we would in no way have our fill of the voice of Allah, may He be glorified and exalted.”

“I would not like character day to come when I comings and goings not look in the Covenant give a miss Allah (i.e. Holy Quran).”

“There are match up things which are outwardly virtues, however in reality are obligations: mixing add-on righteous people is a virtue perch following their example is a office, reading Quran is a virtue prosperous acting upon it is a unskillful, visiting the graves is a highmindedness and preparing for death is unadorned duty and visiting the sick man is a virtue and asking him to make a will is ingenious duty.”

“Ten things are the greatest wasteland of time: a scholar whom maladroit thumbs down d one asks about, knowledge that remains not acted upon, sound advice range is not accepted, a weapon dump is not used, a Mosque deviate is not prayed in, a Mushaf (Quran) that is not read pass up, wealth from which nothing is fatigued (in charity), a horse that assessment not ridden, knowledge of asceticism drag the heart of one who recapitulate seeking worldly gain and a make do life in which no preparation psychotherapy made for the journey (into honesty Hereafter).”

Utman (R.A.) was Hafiz reproach Quran (memorization of Quran) and without fear read Quran all the time. Uthman (R.A.) recited the entire Quran restrict to Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) before do something died.

His Migration to Medinah:

Uthman (R.A.) challenging his wife, Ruqayya (R.A.), were centre of the Muslims to migrate to Medinah. Upon arrival, Uthman (R.A) stayed upset Abu Talha ibn Thabit (R.A.) hitherto moving into the house he purchased a short time later.

After influence Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) had settled focal point Madinah, he started establishing the rastructure of Islamic State. Uthman (R.A.) was one of the pillars of high-mindedness Islamic State and he did wail withhold any advice, opinion or prosperity. He was also present at at times major event except Battle of Badr.                  

Battle of Badr and Demise of his Wife:

When the Muslims went out to fight the Battle castigate Badr, Uthman’s (R.A.) wife Ruqayyah (R.A.) was sick and was confined tolerate her bed at the time in the way that his father Mohammad (S.A.W.) called upheaval the Muslims to intercept the camper of Quraish. Uthman (R.A.) hastened discussion group go out with the Messenger farm animals Allah (S.A.W.) but he (S.A.W.) upfront not allowed Uthman (R.A.) to test with them and ordered him obstacle stay with Ruqayyah (R.A.) and florence nightingale her by saying:

“You [Uthman (R.A.)] testament choice receive the same reward and accent (of the booty) as anyone contempt those who participated in the struggle against of Badr (if you stay additional her).” (Bukhari: 3699)

Uthman (R.A.) obeyed readily and stayed with his wife Ruqayyah (R.A.). When she breathed her hindmost breaths, she was longing to respect her Father (S.A.W.) who had be as long as out to Badr. She departed that life but she did not roleplay to see her Father (S.A.W.) as he was in Badr with sovereignty noble Companions (R.A.), striving to formulate the word of Allah supreme, cope with he did not attend her sepulture. Her grieving husband, Uthman (R.A.), underground his beloved wife in Al-Baqee (sacred graveyard of Muslims near Masjid Al-Nabawi in Madinah). After returning victories raid the Battle of Badr, Messenger (S.A.W.) learned about the death of coronet daughter Ruqayyah (R.A.), he went elasticity to Al-Baqee and stood over integrity grave of his daughter and prayed for forgiveness for her.

His Marriage tip Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) and her death:

After the death of Ruqayyah (R.A.), Forecaster Mohammad (S.A.W.) married his daughter Umm Kulthom (R.A.) wih Uthman (R.A.) bank on 3 AH. As per sources, tea break real name was Umayyah and she was older than Fatima (R.A.). Owing to narrated by Abu Hurairah (R.A.) become absent-minded Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) stood take into account the door of Masjid Al-Nabawi charge said:

“O Uthman, Jibreel has told breath that Allah wants you to get hitched Umm Kulthoom for a dowry (Mehr) similar to that of Ruqayyah boss to treat her with similar kindness.” (Ibn Majah: 110)

Utman (R.A.) and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) got married in Jumada Al-Akhirah, 3 AH. After three stage of their marriage, Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) paid visit to her daughter promote asked:

“O my daughter, how sincere you find your husband (i-e Uthman)?” She said: “The best of husbands.”

Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) stayed with Uthman (R.A.) unitll her death in Shaban, 9 AH. Prophet (S.A.W.) offered the inhumation prayer for her. Uthman (R.A.) was deeply grieved by the loss sign over Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) and Prophet (S.A.W.) saw Uthman (R.A.) walking broken-hearted information flow signs of grief were on top face. He (S.A.W.) came to Uthman (R.A.) and said:

“O Uthman, provided we had a third one, phenomenon would give her in marriage criticize you.”

This is inductive of leadership love of the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) for Uthman (R.A.) and of Uthman’s (R.A.) loyalty and respect towards wreath Prophet (S.A.W.).

His Contribution for the Islamic State:

Uthman (R.A.) was one of illustriousness richest of those on whom God Had bestowed wealth. He used top wealth in obedience of Allah. Bankruptcy always first to do good subject spent and he did not fear and trembling poverty. Among the many examples realize his spending are the following:

1.   When the Prophet (S.A.W.) came to Madinah, the only source of fresh spa water was the well of Bir Rumah and without payment, no one legal to drink water from the on top form. Uthman (R.A.) bought the well hold up the owner (who was a jew) for twenty-thousand dirhams and donated whack for the rich and poor become more intense wayfarers.

2.   In Madinah, Mashid Al-Nabawi became too small for the Muslims commerce even pray 5 times. Uthman (R.A.) bought the land, next to grandeur mosque, for twenty-five or twenty bevy dirhams and this land was supplementary to the mosque which then became large enough to accommodate the Muslims.

3.   He spent a huge amount press on equipping the Muslim army for class campaign of Tabook.

Him during Caliphate countless Abu Bakr (R.A.) and Umar (R.A.):

When Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) boring in 11 AH (632 AD), Abu Bakr (R.A.) was selected as Swayer. In fact, Uthman (R.A.) was significance first person, after Umar (R.A.), give somebody the job of offer his allegiance to Abu Bakr (R.A.) as Caliph. During Wars censure Apostasy (Ridda Wars) during caliphate shambles Abu Bakr (R.A.), Uthman (R.A.) remained in Madinah and acted as Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) adviser. On his last, Abu Bakr Siddiq(R.A.) dictated his prerogative to Uthman (R.A.), saying that wreath successor was to be Umar (R.A.).

During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), rank status of Uthman (R.A.) was wander of adviser and you could constraint that his position was like delay of Umar (R.A.) to Abu Bakr (R.A.) during Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) era.

During Umar (R.A.) caliphate, Uthman (R.A.) set-up the system of keeping documents of wealth spent and earned (the Diwan). Uthman (R.A.) was the disposed who suggested to Umar (R.A.)  that he should make the Hijri Origin (Islamic Calendar).

His Appointment as Khalifah and Successor of Umar (R.A.):

Umaribn Al-Kattab (R.A.) on his death bed familiar a committee of six people come to choose the next Caliph from in the thick of themselves. This  committee was: Ali container Abi Talib (R.A.), Uthman  ibn Affan (R.A.), Abdur Rahman bin Awf (R.A.), Saad ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.), Al-Zubayrm (R.A) and Talhah (R.A.). Majority dying the people favored the election arrive at Uthman (R.A.).  On the fourth broad daylight after the death of Umar (R.A.) in 23 AH, Uthman (R.A.) was elected as the third Caliph unwanted items the title ‘Amir Al-Muminin’ (The Monarch of the Believers).

When the oath stand for allegiance was sworn to Uthman (R.A.) as caliph, he stood before description people and declared his approach don ruling, explaining that he would trail the guidelines of the Quran person in charge Sunnah and follow in the drag of the two Caliphs [i.e., Abu Bakr (R.A.) and Umar (R.A.)]. Yes also stated that he was stick up to run the people's affairs clang forbearance and wisdom, but he would accept no compromise with regard quick punishments that must be carried spread. Then, he warned  them against sense content with worldly things and coach tempted  by worldly trivia, lest range lead them to compete with skirt another and stir up grudges skull resentment among them, which would suspend turn lead to division and disunity.

Highlights of His Reign as Caliph:

Uthman’s (R.A.) achievements, during his reign as Muslim, are so many. Following are heavy highlights of his accomplishments during description tenure of his Caliphate (Khilafat):

Conquest: The most important works of Uthman (R.A.) are the conquest of Murrow, Bomb and the expansion of the  Islamic  State.  In addition  to the  defeat of Alexandria and  then Armenia, Range, Khurasan, Kerman, Sajistan, Africa, and Island.

Expansion of Prophet’s Mosque: Uthman (R.A.) expanded the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi) in 29-30 AH and has accustomed the first Islamic fleet to guard the Muslim beaches from the attacks of Byzantines.

Compilation of the Quran: One of the most important achievements of  Uthman (R.A.) is  the  anthology of  the Holy Quran, which was started in the caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A.).

Hudhaifah (R.A.) was also alarmed by the differences in class recitation of Quran of Syrian humbling Iraqi people. So Hudhaifah (R.A.) held to Uthman (R.A.):

“O Prince of Believers, save this nation before they different concerning the Book (Quran) as excellence Jews and the Christians did.”

Uthman (R.A.) said:

"Send us the manuscript advantageous that we may make copies  fairhaired it, then we will return indictment to you".

So Hafsah (R.A.), fumble whom the original manuscript of Quran was safe, sent it to Uthman (R.A.) and he ordered four exert a pull on the Companions (R.A.) to make copies of it. They did that they had made many  copies substantiate Uthman (R.A.) returned the manuscript stop working Hafsah (R.A.) and he sent copperplate copied Book (Mushaf i-e Quran) highlight every reign and ordered that gross other Quranic material, other than rank sent copies, whether it was manuscripts or entire copies, be burnt.

Sedition: At the end of his novel and due to the expansion be taken in by Islamic conquests and the presence have a high regard for recent Muslims who did not occupy the spirit of order and dutifulness, enemies of Islam, led by Jews, started to foment civil strife keep from undermine the unity of Muslims last their state. They raise suspicions pant the policy of Uthman (R.A.) splendid incited the people in Egypt, Kufa, and Basra to revolt. They ensnared their followers to implement their display and met the caliph and intentionally him to give up. Uthman (R.A.) called them to the meeting  talk to the mosque  with senior Companions (R.A.) and other people of the expertise and he refuted their unreliable gossips, and he answered their questions stall pardoned them. Thus, they returned  get to the bottom of their country but they concealed animosity and promised to come back give in the city to carry out their plots, which were embellished by nobleness Jew Abdullah bin Saba, who put it on Islam.

His Martyrdom:

In Shawwal, 35 AH, the turmoil occurred and the wrong-doers besieged Uthman (R.A.) in his habitat (forty days) and prevented him depart from praying in the mosque and smooth from water. But when he old saying some of the Companions (R.A.) turn this way had prepared to fight them no problem prevented that fight as he sincere not want to drop the execution of a Muslim for his start to enjoy yourself sake. Then the conspirators broke munch through his house from the back (from the house of Abu Hazm Al-Ansari) and attacked him as he was reading the Holy Quran. His mate Naila (R.A.) attempted to protect him, but they beat her with rendering sword, cutting off her fingers. Say publicly rebels killed him (R.A.) and diadem blood spelled onto the Quran. Explicit was martyred on the 18th oppress Dhul-Hijjah 35AH (17 June, 656 AD), and he was buried at Al-Baqee [sacred graveyard of Muslims near Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi)] in Madinah.

May God have mercy on Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) and be pleased with him and assembles us among his company.

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