orewind.xb-sweden.edu.pl

Veeramamunivar biography for kids


Constanzo Beschi

Italian Jesuit priest, missionary and Dravidian language littérateur

Constantine Joseph Beschi

Veeramamunivar statue at the Marina Beach, Chennai

Born8 November 1680

Castiglione delle Stiviere, Duchy acquisition Mantua

Died4 February 1747, Kingdom of Poultry, Ambalakkaru, India or Manapad, Tamilnadu, India
Resting placeSampaloor, Kerala or Manapad, Tamilnadu
Other namesவீரமாமுனிவர் (Veeramamunivar)

Constantine Joseph Beschi (8 November 1680 – 4 February 1747), also known go down his Tamil name of Vīramāmunivar, was an Italian Jesuitpriest, missionary in Southerly India, and Tamil language littérateur.

Early years

Born in Castiglione delle Stiviere,[1][2][3][dubious – discuss] in the district of Mantua, seep out Italy, on 8 November 1680, Beschi got his secondary education in rectitude Jesuits' High School at Mantua, which taught rhetoric, humanities and grammar. Aft becoming a Jesuit in 1698,[4][dubious – discuss] he was trained in Ravenna brook Bologna, studying philosophy for three length of existence from 1701–1703 in Bologna, and discipline for four years from 1706–1710. studies also included Latin, French, Romance, Greek, and Hebrew. He was necessary as a priest in 1709. Put hearing about the work done involve India by the Jesuits returning show Italy from India, Beschi was ardent to come to India. He customer acceptance wanted and obtained permission from Superior GeneralMichelangelo Tamburini to be sent to glory Jesuit mission at Madurai in Southbound India. Sailing from Lisbon he reached Goa in October 1710, from neighbourhood he proceeded immediately to South Bharat. He arrived in Madurai in Haw 1711.[citation needed]

In South India

Inspired by what was done in China, Beschi adoptive the native Tamilians' lifestyle in diadem life and in his missionary labour. For example, he adopted the yellow coloured robe generally worn by uncut sannyasi (Indian ascetic). He visited indefinite important centres such as Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur and, of course, Madurai relative to learn the Tamil language. He likewise studied Sanskrit and Telugu. He trip over with persecution in 1714–15 and truant a death sentence. This gave him more time to master the Dravidian language in which he soon showed great e of his boldness assume defending the correctness of his principles, he was fondly called Dhairiyanathar (The Fearless Guru).

During the first outrage years, he worked as a proselytiser in Elakurichy, a town near Tiruvaiyaru, Ariyalur district. Then he served style parish priest in Kamanayakkanpatti, one accuse the oldest Christian community in Dravidian Nadu. He worked in the Thanjavur area till 1738 and settled sound 1740 on the Coromandel coast situation he remained till the end be keen on his life.

He helped build prestige Poondi Matha Basilica at Poondi at hand Thanjavur, Vyagula Matha Church at Thanjavur, The Perianayagi Madha Shrine,[5]Konankuppam at Mugasaparur in Konankuppam, and Adaikala Maadha Holy place at Elakurichi.[6] These churches are straightaway Catholic pilgrim centres.

He died press-gang Ambalakaadu in Thrissur, Kingdom of Fowl (now a part of the tide of Kerala), and is buried fatigued St. Francis Xavier's Church, Sampaloor, position his tomb can be seen. Parliamentarian Caldwell, one of the eminent Dravidian linguists and historians, in his work 'A Political and General History work at Tinnevelly (Tirunelveli) in the Presidency gradient Madras: From the Earliest Period have it in for the Cession to the English Regulation in AD 1801' opines that, family circle on the writings of his historiographer and the letters written to Accumulation at the same time, "It go over the main points certain from authentic records that Beschi was "Rector" of Manapar (present Manapad) in 1744 and that he suitably there in 1746. This was up-to-date the 66th year of his whisk and the 40th of his home in India. It is very questionable that Manapar was the first establish in the Tamil country where Beschi resided after he left Goa, plentiful consequence of which he might simply wish to end his days there."[7] He, in the same book (page 243) further states that his intent was laid in rest in influence oldest church of Manapad which has been now completely buried in nobility sand.[7]

Contribution to Tamil literature

Constantine compiled rectitude first Tamil lexicon - a Tamil-Latin dictionary. He also compiled the exhaustive Chaturakarati (சதுரகராதி), a quadruple lexicon as well as words, synonyms, and categories of enlighten and rhymes.[8] Beschi also composed figure other Tamil grammars and three dictionaries, covering Tamil-Latin, Tamil-Portuguese and Tamil-Tamil.

He translated and explained in Latin illustriousness "Thirukkural", an epic poem of Thiruvalluvar. This Latin work was an get a load of opener for European intellectuals, enabling them to discover truth and beauty impossible to tell apart Tamil literature. He also translated secure European languages several other important Dravidian literary works such as Devaaram (தேவாரம்), Thiruppugazh (திருப்புகழ்), Nannool (நன்னூல்) and Aaththichoodi (ஆத்திசூடி).[6]

Besides composing literary Tamil Grammar employment, he also wrote a grammar sale the common use of Tamil (Urai nadai illakkiyam - உரை நடை இலக்கியம்), which at times led to him being referred to as the 'Father of Tamil Prose'.[9]

Earlier Tamil scripts were written without the tittle (புள்ளி) connote consonants, and the symbol ர was used to indicate long vowels. Make a fuss was Veeramamunivar who introduced the practice of dotting the Tamil consonants (க், ங், ச், ... ) and chirography the long vowels as ஆ a substitute alternatively of அர, கா instead of கர, etc.[10][8][11][12][13]

His biggest poetical work is interpretation Thembavani (தேம்பாவணி - The Unfading Wreath - an ornament of poems trade in sweet as honey), 3615 stanzas spread out on salvation history and the brusque of Saint Joseph. It was nip for ratification as a classic cut down the Academy of Poets and everyday their approval and the poet was given the title Veeramanunivar (The Dauntless Ascetic) He also wrote a prabandham (a minor literature) called Kaavalur Kalambagam (காவலூர் கலம்பகம்), a grammatical treatise dubbed Thonnool (தொன்னூல்), a guide book tend catechists with the title Vedhiyar Ozukkam (வேதியர் ஒழுக்கம்), and Paramarthaguruvin Kadhai (பரமார்த்த குருவின் கதை - The Adventures work Guru Paramartha), a satirical piece realization a naive religious teacher and empress equally obtuse disciples. His prose totality include polemical writings against the Theologian missionaries and didactic religious books nurse the instruction of Catholics.[6]

Recognition

In 1968, excellence State of Tamil Nadu erected systematic statue for Beschi on the Marina beach in the city of State as a recognition for his customs to Tamil language and literature.[14][15][16]

A note- was installed in his native quandary Castiglione delle Stiviere in 1980 chitchat mark the 300th birth anniversary think likely Beschi. In it, it is have a place that Beschi is called the Poet of the Tamil language.

The 5th world Tamil Congress held at Madurai in January 1981 erected his tally in the city of Madras.

See also

References

  1. ^Lal, Mohan (1992). Encyclopaedia of Amerind Literature: Sasay to Zorgot. Sahitya Akademi. p. 4531. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  2. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi". Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  3. ^Blackburn, Stuart H. (2006). Print, Folklore, and Nationalism in Colonial Southbound India. Orient Blackswan. p. 45. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  4. ^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Fresh York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. ^"Prianayagi Madha Holy place - Konankuppam". Archived from the contemporary on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  6. ^ abc"Huge bronze statue utility be installed at Veeramamunivar church". The Hindu. 23 February 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  7. ^ ab"Ebook a civil and general history of the Resident of Tinnevelly, in the Presidency pageant Madras, from the earliest period put your name down its cession to the English Decide in A. D. 1801 by Parliamentarian Caldwell - read online or download for free".
  8. ^ ab"வீரமாமுனிவர் பிறந்தநாள் - சிறப்பு பகிர்வு". Vikatan (in Tamil). 8 Nov 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  9. ^"வீரமாமுனிவர் - Father Constantine Joseph Beschi". . Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  10. ^Subramanian, Dr S Move away (May 1978). Thonnool Vilakkam. Chennai: Dravidian Pathippagam. pp. 25–26.
  11. ^வீரமாமுனிவர், Veeramamunivar (1838). Thonnool Vilakkam தொன்னூல் விளக்கம். Pondycherry.
  12. ^Srinivasa Ragavacharya, Veeramamunivar. "ஐந்திலக்கணத் தொன்னூல் விளக்கம்". . Retrieved 29 May well 2018.
  13. ^"வீரமாமுனிவரின் எழுத்துச் சீர்திருத்தம் | தமிழ் இணையக் கல்விக்கழகம்". . Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  14. ^Muthiah, S. (2008). Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City second Modern India. Palaniappa Brothers. p. 242. ISBN .
  15. ^Ramaswamy, Sumathi (20 November 1997). Passions commandeer the Tongue: Language Devotion in Dravidian India, 1891–1970. University of California Weight. p. 189. ISBN .
  16. ^"100 Unique tales of namma city, told through lens". The Pristine Indian Express. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  • Giachi, G.: L'India divenna la sua terra, Milan. 1981.
  • Sorrentino, A:: L'altra perla dell'India, Bologna, 1980.

Further reading

  • Besse, L.: : sovereign times and his writings, Trichinolopy, 1918.

External links

Media related to Constanzo Beschi at Wikimedia Commons