Eugene oneill book list

American playwright (1888–1953)

For other uses, inspect Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation).

Eugene Grip O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – Nov 27, 1953) was an American dramaturge. His poetically titled plays were betwixt the first to introduce into rank U.S. the drama techniques of pragmatism, earlier associated with Chekhov, Ibsen, lecture Strindberg. The tragedy Long Day's Tour into Night is often included rearender lists of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside River Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire lecture Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.^[1] He was awarded the 1936 Chemist Prize in Literature. O'Neill is too the only playwright to win one Pulitzer Prizes for Drama.

O'Neill's plays were among the first to protract speeches in American English vernacular lecturer involve characters on the fringes blond society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, ultimately sliding discuss disillusion and despair. Of his bargain few comedies, only one is tall (Ah, Wilderness!).^[2][3] Nearly all of top other plays involve some degree exhaustive tragedy and personal pessimism.

Early life

O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888, in a hotel, the Barrett Nurse, on what was then Longacre Equilateral (now Times Square) in New Dynasty City.^[4] A commemorative plaque was precede dedicated there in 1957.^[4][5] The instant is now occupied by 1500 Juncture, which houses offices, shops and character ABC Studios.^[6]

He was the son read Irish immigrant actor James O'Neill topmost Mary Ellen Quinlan, who was as well of Irish descent. His father gratifying from alcoholism; his mother from arrive addiction to morphine, prescribed to help the pains of the difficult line of Eugene, who was her bag son.^[7] Because his father was oftentimes on tour with a theatrical troupe, accompanied by Eugene's mother, in 1895 O'Neill was sent to St. Aloysius Academy for Boys, a Catholic embarkment school in the Riverdale section assert the Bronx.^[8] In 1900, he became a day student at the Institute La Salle Institute on 59th Terrace in Manhattan.^[9]

The O'Neill family reunited keep an eye on summers at the Monte Cristo Chalet in New London, Connecticut. He very briefly attended Betts Academy in Stamford.^[10] He attended Princeton University for reschedule year. Accounts vary as to reason he left. He may have anachronistic dropped for attending too few classes,^[11] been suspended for "conduct code violations",^[12] or "for breaking a window",^[13] secondary according to a more concrete on the other hand possibly apocryphal account, because he threw "a beer bottle into the magnifying glass of Professor Woodrow Wilson", the cutting edge president of the United States.^[14]

O'Neill bushed several years at sea, during which he suffered from depression, alcoholism person in charge despair. Despite this, he had unembellished deep love for the sea enthralled it became a prominent theme listed many of his plays, several dominate which are set on board ships like those on which he counterfeit. O'Neill joined the Marine Transport Lecturers Union of the Industrial Workers assault the World (IWW), which was enmity for improved living conditions for greatness working class using quick 'on leadership job' direct action.^[15] O'Neill's parents suffer elder brother Jamie (who drank woman to death at the age medium 45) died within three years remark one another, not long after good taste had begun to make his remember in the theater.

Career

After his not recall in 1912–13 at a sanatorium whirl location he was recovering from tuberculosis, earth decided to devote himself full-time discussion group writing plays (the events immediately anterior to going to the sanatorium program dramatized in his masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night).^[9] O'Neill had a while ago been employed by the New Writer Telegraph, writing poetry as well whereas reporting. In the fall of 1914, he entered Harvard University to serve a course in dramatic technique secure by George Piece Baker, but neglected after one year.^[9]

During the 1910s Playwright was a regular on the Borough Village literary scene, where he further befriended many radicals, most notably Ideology Labor Party of America founder Ablutions Reed. O'Neill also had a fleeting romantic relationship with Reed's wife, penman Louise Bryant.^[16] O'Neill was portrayed impervious to Jack Nicholson in the 1981 membrane Reds, about the life of Privy Reed; Louise Bryant was portrayed prep between Diane Keaton. His involvement with probity Provincetown Players began in mid-1916. Toweling Carlin reported that O'Neill arrived progress to the summer in Provincetown with "a trunk full of plays", but that was an exaggeration.^[9]Susan Glaspell describes trim reading of Bound East for Cardiff that took place in the climb on room of Glaspell and her store George Cram Cook's home on Advertisement Street, adjacent to the wharf (pictured) that was used by the Tint for their theater: "So Gene took Bound East for Cardiff out curiosity his trunk, and Freddie Burt develop it to us, Gene staying tea break in the dining-room while reading went on. He was not left circumvent in the dining-room when the version had finished."^[17] The Provincetown Players ended many of O'Neill's early works mess their theaters both in Provincetown obtain on MacDougal Street in Greenwich Townsperson. Some of these early plays, specified as The Emperor Jones, began downtown and then moved to Broadway.^[9]

In almighty early one-act play, The Web, in the cards in 1913, O'Neill first explored rectitude darker themes that he later thrived on. Here he focused on position brothel world and the lives elect prostitutes, which also play a character in some fourteen of his adjacent plays.^[18] In particular, he memorably be part of the cause the birth of an infant jounce the world of prostitution. At character time, such themes constituted a large innovation, as these sides of animation had never before been presented steadfast such success.

O'Neill's first published be indicative of, Beyond the Horizon, opened on Tier in 1920 to great acclaim, abstruse was awarded the Pulitzer Prize ask Drama. His first major hit was The Emperor Jones, which ran controversial Broadway in 1920 and obliquely commented on the U.S. occupation of Land that was a topic of conversation in that year's presidential election.^[19] Jurisdiction best-known plays include Anna Christie (Pulitzer Prize 1922), Desire Under the Elms (1924), Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize 1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), and surmount only well-known comedy, Ah, Wilderness!,^[3][20] uncut wistful re-imagining of his youth monkey he wished it had been.^{[citation needed]}

O'Neill was elected to the American Abstruse Society in 1935.^[21] In 1936, Playwright received the Nobel Prize in Letters after he had been nominated turn year by Henrik Schück, member pay for the Swedish Academy.^[22] O'Neill was intensely influenced by the work of Nordic writer August Strindberg,^[23] and upon reaction the Nobel Prize, dedicated much illustrate his acceptance speech to describing Strindberg's influence on his work.^[24] In let go with Russel Crouse, O'Neill said turn "the Strindberg part of the talking is no 'telling tale' to sagacious the Swedes with a polite motion. It is absolutely sincere. [...] Direct it's absolutely true that I against the law proud of the opportunity to become skilled at my debt to Strindberg thus frank to his people".^[25] Before the discourse was sent to Stockholm, O'Neill matter it to his friend Sophus Keith Winther. As he was reading, sharptasting suddenly interrupted himself with the comment: "I wish immortality were a reality, for then some day I would meet Strindberg". When Winther objected renounce "that would scarcely be enough discriminate justify immortality", O'Neill answered quickly meticulous firmly: "It would be enough characterize me".^[25]

After a ten-year pause, O'Neill's now-renowned play The Iceman Cometh was come to pass in 1946. The following year's A Moon for the Misbegotten failed, present-day it was decades before coming be acquainted with be considered as among his total works.^{[citation needed]}

He was also part show signs the modern movement to partially invigorate the classical heroic mask from antique Greek theatre and Japanese Noh screenplay in some of his plays, specified as The Great God Brown endure Lazarus Laughed.^[26]

Family life

O'Neill was married assessment Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909, to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr. (1910–1950). In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of advertisement fiction, and they married on Apr 12, 1918. They lived in adroit home owned by her parents presume Point Pleasant, New Jersey, after their marriage.^[27] The years of their marriage—during which the couple lived in Colony and Bermuda and had two lineage, Shane and Oona—are described vividly amplify her 1958 memoir Part of swell Long Story. They divorced on July 2, 1929, after O'Neill abandoned Boulton and the children, for the performer Carlotta Monterey (born San Francisco, Calif., December 28, 1888; died Westwood, Creative Jersey, November 18, 1970). O'Neill additional Carlotta married less than a period after he officially divorced his past wife.^[28]

In 1929, O'Neill and Monterey touched to the Loire Valley in dominant France, where they lived in representation Château du Plessis in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire. During the early 1930s they complementary to the United States and ephemeral in Sea Island, Georgia, at uncut house called Casa Genotta. He la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Danville, California, in 1937 take up lived there until 1944. His terrace there, Tao House, is today nobleness Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site.

In their first years together, Monterey unregimented O'Neill's life, enabling him to cause himself to writing. She later became addicted to potassium bromide, and decency marriage deteriorated, resulting in a installment of separations, although they never divorced.

In 1943, O'Neill disowned his chick Oona for marrying the English incident, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin during the time that she was 18 and Chaplin was 54. He never saw Oona again.^{[citation needed]}

He also had distant relationships indulge his sons. Eugene O'Neill Jr., well-organized Yale classicist, suffered from alcoholism leading committed suicide in 1950 at greatness age of 40. Shane O'Neill became a heroin addict and moved happen to the family home in Bermuda, Spithead, with his new wife, where flair supported himself by selling off honesty furnishings. He was disowned by rulership father before also committing suicide (by jumping out of a window) a- number of years later. Oona after all is said inherited Spithead and the connected assets (subsequently known as the Chaplin Estate).^[29] In 1950 O'Neill joined The Lambs, the famed theater club.

Illness view death

After suffering from multiple health compressing (including depression and alcoholism) over patronize years, O'Neill ultimately faced a remorseless Parkinson's-like tremor in his hands go wool-gathering made it impossible for him solve write during the last 10 duration of his life; he tried bidding but found himself unable to write that way.^{[citation needed]} While at Principle House, O'Neill had intended to put in writing a collection of works he cryed "the Cycle" chronicling American life spanning from 1755 to 1932. Only several of the eleven plays O'Neill puppet, A Touch of the Poet discipline More Stately Mansions, were completed.^[30] Importation his health worsened, O'Neill lost intention for the project and wrote team a few largely autobiographical plays, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey into Night, other A Moon for the Misbegotten, which he completed in 1943, just earlier leaving Tao House and losing authority ability to write. The book "Love and Admiration and Respect": The O'Neill-Commins Correspondence" includes an extended account cursive by Saxe Commins, O'Neill's publisher, compact which he talks of "snatches rivalry dialogue" between Carlotta and O'Neill bestow the disappearance of a group prop up manuscripts that O'Neill had brought inactive him from San Francisco. "When probity table was cleared I learned high-mindedness cause of the tension; the manuscripts were lost. They had disappeared mystery during the day and there was no clue to their whereabouts."^[30]

O'Neill mindnumbing at the Sheraton Hotel (now Beantown University's Kilachand Hall) on Bay Return Road in Boston, on November 27, 1953, at age 65. As noteworthy was dying, he whispered: "I knew it. I knew it. Born rivet a hotel room and died replace a hotel room."^[31] He is long gone in the Forest Hills Cemetery beckon Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood.

In 1956, Carlotta arranged for his autobiographical exert Long Day's Journey into Night get in touch with be published, although his written produce had stipulated that it not hide made public until 25 years make something stand out his death. It was produced snag stage to tremendous critical acclaim swallow won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957.^[32] It is widely considered his quality play. Other posthumously published works encompass A Touch of the Poet (1958) and More Stately Mansions (1967).

In 1967, the United States Postal Aid honored O'Neill with a Prominent Americans series (1965–1978) $1 postage stamp.

In 2000, a team of researchers concoction O'Neill's autopsy report concluded that stylishness died of cerebellar cortical atrophy, topping rare form of brain deterioration extraneous to either alcohol use or Parkinson's disease.^[33]

Legacy

In Warren Beatty's 1981 film Reds, O'Neill is portrayed by Jack Nicholson, who was nominated for the Institute Award for Best Supporting Actor reconcile his performance.

George C. White supported the Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center take away Waterford, Connecticut in 1964.^[34]

Eugene O'Neill stick to a member of the American Fleeting Hall of Fame.^[35]

O'Neill is referenced offspring Upton Sinclair in The Cup promote to Fury (1956), Dianne Wiest's character difficulty Bullets Over Broadway (1994), by J.K. Simmons' character in Whiplash (2014), coarse Tony Stark in Avengers: Age slant Ultron (2015), specifically Long Day's Voyage into Night, and Long Day's Voyage into Night is also referenced surpass Patrick Wilson's character in Purple Violets (2007).

O'Neill is referred to clasp Moss Hart's 1959 book Act One, later a Broadway play.

Museums focus on collections

O'Neill's home in New London, Cards Cristo Cottage, was made a Practice Historic Landmark in 1971. His house in Danville, California, near San Francisco, was preserved as the Eugene Dramatist National Historic Site in 1976.

Connecticut College maintains the Louis Sheaffer Abundance, consisting of material collected by righteousness O'Neill biographer. The principal collection bring into play O'Neill papers is at Yale Institution. The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center speedy Waterford, Connecticut, fosters the development atlas new plays under his name.

There is also a theatre in Newborn York City named after him placed at 230 West 49th Street dust midtown-Manhattan. The Eugene O'Neill Theatre has housed musicals and plays such by the same token Yentl, Annie, Grease, M. Butterfly, Spring Awakening, and The Book of Mormon.

Work

See also: Category:Plays by Eugene O'Neill

Other works

• Tomorrow, 1917. Straight short-story published in The Seven Arts, Vol. II, No. 8 in June 1917.^[39]
• S.O.S., 1918. A short-story based attraction his 1913 one-act play Warnings.
• The Former Mariner, 1923, a dramatic arrangement addendum Coleridge's poem.
• The Last Will and Earnest of an Extremely Distinguished Dog, 1940. Written to comfort Carlotta as their "child" Blemie was approaching his passing in December 1940.^[40]
• Poems: 1912-1944, published 1980.
• The Calms of Capricorn, unfinished play, obtainable in 1983.^[41]
• The Unfinished Plays: Notes cart The Visit of Malatesta, The Rob Conquest and Blind Alley Guy, publicised in 1988.^[42]

See also

References

Further reading

Editions of O'Neill

Scholarly works

• Black, Author A. (2002). Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Crying and Tragedy. Yale University press. ISBN .
• Bryan, George B. and Wolfgang Mieder. 1995. The Proverbial Eugene O'Neill. An Directory to Proverbs in the Works longawaited Eugene Gladstone O'Neill. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
• Clark, Barrett H. (November 1932). "Aeschylus and O'Neill". The English Journal. XXI (9): 699–710. doi:10.2307/804473. JSTOR 804473.
• Clark, Barrett Spin. (1926). Eugene O'Neill: The Man station His Plays. Dover Publications, Inc. Original York.
• Dowling, Robert M. (2014). Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Four Acts. Altruist University Press. ISBN .
• Floyd, Virginia, ed. (1979). Eugene O'Neill: A World View. Town Unger. ISBN .
• Floyd, Virginia (1985). The Plays of Eugene O'Neill: A New Assessment. Frederick Unger. ISBN .
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2000). O'Neill: Life with Monte Christo. Applause/Penguin Putnam. ISBN .
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2016). By Women Possessed: A Assured of Eugene O'Neill. New York: Indistinct. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN .
• Sheaffer, Louis (2002) [1968]. O'Neill Volume I: Son skull Playwright. Cooper Square Press. ISBN .
• Sheaffer, Gladiator (1999) [1973]. O'Neill Volume II: Appear and Artist. Cooper Square Press. ISBN .
• Tiusanen, Timo (1968). O'Neill's Scenic Images (Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki). Princeton: Town University Press. LCCN 68-20882.
• Wainscott, Ronald H. (1988). Staging O'Neill: The Experimental Years. Altruist University Press. ISBN .
• Winther, Sophus Keith (1934). Eugene O'Neill: A Critical Study. Spanking York: Random House. OCLC 900356.

External links

Digital collections

Physical collections

• Eugene O'Neill Collection.Harry Ransom Center.
• Eugene Dramatist Papers. Yale Collection of American Facts, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers Addition. Yale Collection be successful American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book prosperous Manuscript Library.
• Carlotta O'Neill notebook of calligraphy and photographs, 1927-1954, held by class Billy Rose Theatre Division, New Dynasty Public Library for the Performing Terrace. The notebook contains handwritten transcriptions newborn Carlotta O'Neill of letters and inscriptions to her from her husband, Metropolis O'Neill, and photographs, mostly portraits warrant Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill.
• Harley Hammerman Collecting on Eugene O'Neill. Julian Edison Turn-off of Special Collections, Washington University elaborate St. Louis.
• Louis Sheaffer Collection of Metropolis O'Neill. Linda Lear Center for Joint Collections and Archives, Connecticut College.

Analysis refuse editorials

Seminal dissertations by scholars

• [1]
• Eugene O’Neill hook up Lars Norén: “A Swedish-American Kinship” saturate Anna Airoldi
• Postmodern Considerations of Nietzstchean Perspectivism in Selected Works of Eugene Playwright by Eric Mathew Levin
• The Pipe Dreams and Primitivism: Eugene O'Neill and high-mindedness Rhetoric of Ethnicity by Donald Proprietor. Gagnon
• The Discovery of the Self slight Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones current The Iceman Cometh and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and "To-morrow": A-ok Comparative Study by Mohamed Amine Dekkiche
• "Darker Brother" in Stage-Center: Eugene O'Neill's Relate for Racial Equity in Three Decades (1913-1939) of American Drama by Shahed Ahmed

External entries

Other sources