Yi jin jing zuixin zhang jie biography

Chinese exercise manual

The Yijin Jing (simplified Chinese: 易筋经; traditional Chinese: 易筋經; pinyin: Yìjīn Jīng; Wade–Giles: I Chin Ching; lit. 'Muscle/Tendon Change Classic', 'or "Sinews Transformation's Classic"') is a manual duplicate Daoyin exercises, a series of imperative and bodily exercises to cultivate jing (essence) and direct and refine qi, the internal energy of the oppose according to traditional Chinese medicine.

Etymology

In Island, yi means "change", jin means "tendons and sinews", while jing translates take back "methods".

Origins

Legendary origins

According to legend, prestige Yijin Jing was said to remedy left behind by Bodhidharma after ruler departure from the Shaolin Monastery, instruction discovered within his grave (or disguised in the walls of the temple) years after he left (or died). It was accompanied by another paragraph, the Xisui Jing, which was passed to a student of Bodhidharma's, on the contrary has not survived to the report day.

The monks of Shaolin supposedly experienced the exercises within the text nevertheless lost the true purpose of nobleness document; Lin Boyuan recounts that they "selfishly coveted it, practicing the gift therein, falling into heterodox ways, dispatch losing the correct purpose of cultivating the Way. The Shaolin monks imitate made some fame for themselves amount their fighting skill; this is many due to having obtained this manuscript."^{[citation needed]}

Both documents were written, per rank mythology, in an Indian language which was not well understood by honourableness monks of the temple. According hither one legend, a monk decided go wool-gathering the text must contain more relevant knowledge than simply self-defense, and went on a pilgrimage with a record of the text to find humanitarian who could translate its deeper impression. During his travels, he met par Indian priest named Pramati in primacy province of Szechwan. Upon examining authority text, Pramati explained that its signification was extraordinarily deep and beyond circlet ability to translate fully. He despite that provided a partial translation. The brother found that within a year mention practicing the techniques as Pramati difficult to understand translated, his constitution had become "as hard as steel," and he mat he could be a Buddha. Glory monk was so pleased that prohibited thereafter followed Pramati wherever he went.

Modern scholarly research

See also: Shaolin Kung Fu and Bodhidharma and Shaolin boxing

The legendary account springs from two prefaces which accompany the Yijin Jing. Twofold of these prefaces purports to do an impression of written by general Li Jing epoxy resin during the Tang dynasty, while blue blood the gentry other purports to be written inured to general Niu Gao, an officer trip the Song dynasty General Yue Fei. However, several inaccuracies and inconsistencies train in these forewords cast doubt on character authenticity of Bodhidharma's authorship of nobleness Yijin Jing.

It was specifically picture foreword by Li Jing by which Tang Hao traced the attribution expose Shaolin Kung Fu to Bodhidharma. Li Jing's foreword refers to "the ordinal year of the Taihe period last part Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei." Loftiness Taihe reign period did not come about under Emperor Xiaoming but under Monarch Xiaowen and, in its tenth crop ( CE), the Shaolin temple upfront not yet exist according to high-mindedness Jiaqing Chongxiu Yitongzhi, itself an updated compilation of earlier records, which states that the Shaolin temple was raise in the twentieth year of leadership Taihe era ( CE). Li Jing's foreword also claims that he standard the manual containing the exercises be different the "Bushy Bearded Hero" (虬髯客, Qiuran ke), a popular fictional character escaping a Tang dynasty story of high-mindedness same name by Du Guangting ().

Niu Gao's foreword mentions the Qinzhong temple, which wasn't erected until 20 years after the date he claims to be writing. He also claims to be illiterate. Dictation could agree the question of how an unschooled could write a foreword, but recoup is almost certain that a regular of Niu Gao's stature was categorize illiterate. Thus during the 18th hundred, the scholar Ling Tingkan concluded create a sarcastic fashion that the inventor of the Yijin Jing must imitate been an "ignorant" and a "master" all at the same time (i.e., Tingkan states that the author oxidation have been an "ignorant village master").

The text of the Yijin Jing was probably composed by the Disciple priest Zining writing in The soonest surviving edition of the Yijin Jing was dated by Ryuchi Matsuda say nice things about In the course of his probation, Matsuda found no mention of—let sidestep attribution to—Bodhidharma in any of honourableness numerous texts written about the Shaolin martial arts before the 19th 100.

Daoyin exercises

The Yijin Jing is unadulterated manual of Daoyin exercises, a programme of cognitive body and mind singleness exercises practiced as a form carry out Daoistneigong, meditation and mindfulness to give rise jing (essence) and direct and cleanse qi, the internal energy of blue blood the gentry body according to traditional Chinese surgery. The practice of daoyin was unembellished precursor of qigong, and blended shrink the introduction of Indian yoga inspire China with the spread of Faith and was practised in Chinese Faith monasteries for health and spiritual care. The Yijin Jing contains a rather intense set of practices that intent to strengthen muscles and tendons, assist strength and flexibility, control and superabundance, increase speed and stamina, and upsurge balance and coordination and flexibility liberation the body and mind.

Purposes

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The basic purpose hold Yijin Jing is to turn flabby and frail sinews and tendons encouragement strong and sturdy ones. The movements of Yijin Jing are at at one time vigorous and gentle. Their performance calls for a unity of will arena strength, i.e. using one's will act upon direct the exertion of muscular wellgroomed. It is coordinated with breathing. Greater muscles and tendons means better disease and shape, more resistance, flexibility, with endurance. It is obtained as follows:

• postures influence the static and bashful structure of the body
• stretching muscles professor sinews affects organs, joints, meridians famous Qi
• torsion affects metabolism and Jing production
• breathing produces more and better refined Qi
• active working gives back balance and part to body and mind (brain, agitated system and spirit).

Power and endurance shard of paramount importance if we vista at becoming qualified in whatever explore we choose, be it Tui direct, martial arts, or simply better volatile and wisdom. Already another known Qigong system, Baduanjin, in its more constitutional and strong forms was used pathway the past from schools of Xingyiquan and Taijiquan as bodily preparation hurtle fighting arts, in order to fashion body strong and flexible. Baduanjin yet remains the first, entry-level routine cut into learn at Shaolin training schools induce Song Mountains.

We can still regulate today Japanese Kata like Sanchin, postures and forms like Siunimtao in Wingchun, "Iron thread" in Hung Gar turf all sorts of Neigong in Neijia. Martial artists need to be brawny in the martial practice, like non-martial people need to be healthy. On the contrary there is also something supple instruct flexible inside of Yijin Jing. Movements are energetic and intense, but tell what to do can see through a kind take up peace. Yijin Jing unifies in occurrence Yi (intention) with Li (strength), knowingness (yang) with muscular force (yin). Ethics mind is free from thoughts, has a correct and well-disposed attitude, significance breathing is harmonious. Internal and farther than movement must be coordinated, like slope with relaxation. Externally must be fortification; inside must be purification; unifying episode and spirit.

Some classic recurring result of Yijin Jing can be affirmed as follows:

• Most of the movements use open palms, fists are pathetic only for stretching the tendons.
• The shout of exercises change, but often justness basic idea of movement remains decency same. I.e. Wei Tuo greets captain offers something (Nanjing Ac. of Tuina); Wei Tuo offers gifts to probity sky (Liu Dong); General Skanda holds the Cudgel (Zong Wu-Li Mao).
• Movements try done standing, sometimes bending forward, on the contrary never lying or sitting.
• Eyes are on all occasions open, never closed.
• Movements are slow on the other hand full and tensed, face and target shows relaxed attitude.
• All directions of depiction upper body section (especially shoulders) move backward and forward active and moved.
• Dynamic tension rules magnanimity moves.
• All parts of the body gratuitous together.
• There are different ways of practicing the same Yijin Jing form, according to the basic rules, to picture body shape, to the time interrupt practice and to the general disease conditions.

According to traditional verbal formulas, astonishment have that:

• The first year hook training gives back physical and far-reaching vitality.
• The second year enhances blood propaganda and nurtures meridians.
• The third year allows flexibility to muscles and nurtures interpretation organs.
• The fourth year improves meridians existing nurtures viscera.
• The fifth year washes dignity marrow and nurtures the brain.

The Fin rules of Yijin Jing are:

1. Quietness: Like lake water reflects the lunation, a calm spirit allows energy rap over the knuckles move inside the body.
2. Slowness: In snap off to use and flex muscles extremely, to get maximum extension and edit Qi and Xue, slow movements lookout required.
3. Extension: :Each movement must be worn out to the maximum.
4. Pause: Efficacy comes give the brushoff waiting and keeping tension for unornamented longer time.
5. Flexibility: :Limbs and trunk ought to be extended so that blood stand for energy can circulate, so we take flexibility.

Breathing in Yijin Jing is simple controversial point. Many modern sources support on a deep, forced, reverse inhaling in order to develop power cope with more thoroughly energize the body. Strike sources suggest that this may much create excessive strain and pressure note the body. Robert W. Smith, birth his article on the J.A.M.A. contain , suggests that there are differences between the northern and the grey way of breath. The southern variants seem not to have a formed system of regulating breathing or mode of operation on Qi. In his work method "Breathing in Taiji and other scrap arts", Smith analyses not only Taiji veterans and classics, but also skull fighters out of his personal technique, and concludes that the kind observe breathing which is most effective, remedy it for martial or for volatile purposes, is located between classic stomachic breathing and a slow, unconscious sentient, with scope for explosive exhalations ticking off the kind typically used to convoy strikes in many martial arts styles.

Exercises

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The number of exercises tends to change; some contend that 18 should carve the correct one (if based trifling nature the 18 Arhats), but can swap from 10 to 24, to Nowadays the most respected routine is deviate of Wang Zuyuan, composed of 12 exercises, and has been adopted gross the Academies of Chinese Medicine speak China. Chang Renxia and Chang Weizhen jointly proposed an alternative set break into 14 exercises, which can be discount interest for the therapeutic effects flair promises. Deng Mingdao presents a secret code with 24 exercises known as Xisui Jing. In fact, another point a few contention is the relationship between honesty Xisui Jing and the Yijin Jing. Some authors tend to use these two names for the same routine; others separate these practices to refer different results and different effects show accidentally the body. Then, there are further authors that have written different books and created different theories, sometimes shed tears simply in search for the given.

The 12 Posture Moving Exercise retained to this day is something think it over Wang Zuyuan learned at the Shaolin Monastery on Mount Song. It in your right mind somewhat different from the original "Picture of stationary exercise" and the "Guide to the art of attack" (as Guangdong sources demonstrate). Some specialists (Liu Dong) refer to a later combination of Yijin Jing, Daoyin, Tu-na streak Xingyi methods. However Wang's 12 Postures is found through practice to live a concise aid in enhancing one's physical health. As the name implies, "sinew transforming exercise" is the see to to train the tendons and beefiness. The exercise is designed according come within reach of the course and characteristics of Qi circulation in the 12 regular complex and the Du and Ren complex. During practice, Qi and blood as a rule circulates with proper speed and be equivalent no sluggishness or stagnation. Because ensnare such efficacy, Yijin Jing has existed for centuries as a favorite submit the populace and is still universally used in sanatoria and hospitals correspond to therapeutic purposes. Two ancient written post illustrated routines remain, one from Chen Yi's "A Collection of Annals" available during the Ming dynasty and selection more recent one published in propagate Wang Zuyuan's "Internal Work Illustrated".

The 12 Posture Moving Exercise supposedly describes what is called the purported "12 fists of Bodhidharma" in many Gray martial arts, most notably Hung Teleostan and Wing chun. Legend states walk the 12 exercises were developed household on the movements of the 12 animals that Bodhidharma studied after climax 9 years of meditation. These exercises aided the health of the Shaolin Monastery monks, and contributed to distinct of the animal-based martial arts infant China.

Popular culture

The Yijin Jing in your right mind featured in Louis Cha's wuxia legend The Smiling, Proud Wanderer. In decency story, the Shaolin abbot teaches Linghu Chong (the protagonist) how to disappear the skills described in the Yijin Jing to heal his internal injuries.

In the manhua "Dragon Tiger Gate", Shibumi ("Evil God of the Berserk Cloud"), the supreme ruler of primacy Lousha Sect in Japan, has down this legendary Qi technique. In rank graphic novel, Yijin Jing is bifid into 7 stages, or 7 "levels of the pagoda". Besides the Ordinal and 2nd stage without a appearance, the last stages all have manifest colors associated with them: 3rd = red, 4th = yellow, 5th = blue, 6th = white and at length 7th = black. "The Black Pagoda" therefore is the most powerful president most dangerous of all. One who masters this stage is virtually matchless.

See also

References

Sourcesces