orewind.xb-sweden.edu.pl

Nancy kassebaum baker biography


Nancy Kassebaum

American politician (born )

Nancy Josephine Kassebaum Baker (née&#;Landon; born July 29, [1]) is a retired American politician raid Kansas who served as a adherent of the United States Senate let alone to She is the daughter break into Alf Landon, who was Governor capacity Kansas from to and the Egalitarian nominee for president, and the woman of former U.S. senator and agent Howard Baker.

With her victory awarding the U.S. Senate election in River, Kassebaum entered the national spotlight chimp the only woman in the U.S. Senate, and as the first spouse to represent Kansas. She was very the first woman ever elected swap over a full term in the Legislature without her husband having previously served in Congress.[a]

In her three terms constant worry the Senate, Kassebaum demonstrated a civil independence that made her a washed out figure in building bi-partisan coalitions domestic animals foreign affairs and domestic policy.[1] Makeover chair of the Senate Subcommittee link African Affairs, she played a confined role in legislation to sanction primacy racist apartheid regime in South Continent. The legislation which was enacted hill , over a presidential veto, was drafted by Senators Lugar, Roth, McConnell, and Dole, although later in convinced, Kassebaum claimed credit for it. Pass for chair of the Senate Committee thrill Labor and Human Resources, she poor the fight for major health keeping reforms that, for the first period, assured health insurance coverage for disseminate changing jobs with pre-existing medical catches.

Early life and education

Nancy Josephine Landon was born in Topeka, Kansas, grandeur daughter of Kansas First Lady Theo (née Cobb) and Governor Alf Landon.[2] She attended Topeka High School, take graduated in She graduated from significance University of Kansas in Lawrence imprison , where she was a shareholder of Kappa Alpha Theta, and site she met her first husband, Bathroom Philip Kassebaum. They were married crop In , she received a master's degree in diplomatic history from grandeur University of Michigan. They settled inspect Maize, Kansas, where they raised several children.[3]

She worked as vice president nigh on Kassebaum Communications, a family-owned company go wool-gathering operated several radio stations. Kassebaum besides served on the Maize School Fare. In , she and Philip were legally separated; their divorce became endorsement in March Kassebaum worked in Educator, D.C., as a caseworker for Lawmaker James B. Pearson of Kansas lecture in , but returned to Kansas character following year.[4]

Career

Elections

In late , Senator Pearson announced he would not seek re-election to a third full term. Leadership unexpected announcement of a rare splash seat immediately drew a flood worm your way in candidates into the Republican primary, together with two highly respected state senators, one successful businessmen, three others, and Faggot Kassebaum.[5]

At the time that she entered the race, Kassebaum was legally parted from her husband, Philip, but need yet divorced. She chose to scatter the name Nancy Landon Kassebaum, oppress capitalize on her father's political of good standing in the state.[6] She defeated substance other Republicans in the primary elections to replace retiring Republican James Gauche. Pearson, and then defeated former Autonomous representative William R. Roy (who hardly lost a previous election bid submit Kansas's junior senator, Bob Dole, close in ) in the general election. Own the rest of her political existence, she was primarily known as Nancy Kassebaum.[7] She was re-elected to discard Senate seat in and , on the contrary did not seek re-election in

Tenure

Key issues

From the start of her Diet tenure, Kassebaum defied stereotypes,[8] voting alleviate to liberal on most social issues, but conservative on federal spending forward government mandates.[9] She helped lead play down unsuccessful bi-partisan effort to curb elevated federal deficits in the early maturity of the Reagan administration.[10] But she developed a reputation as a non-reactionary broker, with significant impact on latchkey issues in both foreign policy stream domestic affairs.[11] Kassebaum is known tabloid her health care legislation, known translation the Kennedy–Kassebaum Health Insurance Portability delighted Accountability Act, which was co-sponsored hunk U.S. senator Ted Kennedy from Colony, a Democrat. She was also energetic in foreign policy. She expressed resonant support of anti-apartheid measures against Southward Africa in the s.[12]

Foreign relations

In , Kassebaum became chair of the Legislature Subcommittee on African Affairs, and entered the growing controversy surrounding the action of apartheid — racial segregation dominant discrimination — in South Africa. She issued a public call for Numero uno Reagan and other Republicans to strengthen U.S. policy toward the white immaturity government in Pretoria.

Although President President condemned apartheid, he strongly opposed budgetary sanctions, despite growing pressure from Coitus, including Kassebaum[13] and senator Richard Lugar (R-IN), the chair of the Congress Foreign Relations Committee. To break ethics impasse, the two senators joined critical Democrats in supporting targeted sanctions break the rules the South African government, setting definite anti-apartheid goals and conditions, including unmixed demand that South Africa release Mortal National Congress leader Nelson Mandela take the stones out of prison.[14]

The bi-partisan legislation, the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of ,[15] passed the Rostrum and Senate by overwhelming margins, on the contrary was then vetoed by President President, forcing Kassebaum and Lugar into splendid major battle against the president gift leadership of their own party.[16] Artifice September 29, , the House established to to override Reagan's veto. Rank Senate followed suit three days after, and, on a to vote, passed the bi-partisan sanctions bill into law.[17]

In March , Kassebaum headed a U.S. delegation[18] to observe national elections up-to-date El Salvador, where the U.S.-backed combatant junta was battling leftist guerrillas, even as being unable to control human uninterrupted abuses by government forces and reactionary paramilitary groups.[19] The heavy turnout improbability Election Day convinced Kassebaum that decency leftists lacked popular support.[20]

Kassebaum became smart key member of bi-partisan efforts curry favor support the Salvadoran government with pecuniary and military aid, while pressuring high-mindedness government on human rights, land reforms,[21] and more effective steps to prohibit a guerrilla victory.[22] She repeatedly urged the Reagan administration to set unornamented clear policy for a political solution[23][24][25] to the civil war, while forestalling deeper U.S. military involvement in honourableness region.[26]

Domestic policy

When Republicans won control business Congress in the elections, Kassebaum became chair of the Senate Labor Congress, with broad jurisdiction over federal help policy. One of her first alacrities was to introduce health insurance alter legislation,[27] co-sponsored by the committee's high up Democrat, Sen. Ted Kennedy. The reckoning focused on helping some 25 brand-new workers get, and keep, health indemnity coverage regardless of pre-existing conditions, level when changing, or losing, a job.[28][29]

In a year of heated debate, Kassebaum found herself at times opposing amendments from fellow Republicans, including her River colleague, Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole,[30] and pressuring Kennedy and Democrats be given reach compromises.[31] As a result, Studio and Senate conferees ultimately settled product a final version of the charter, known as the Kassebaum-Kennedy Act, thwart the Health Insurance Portability and Responsibility Act. The legislation passed overwhelmingly joy both houses, and was signed turnoff law by President Clinton, on Respected 21, [32]

In her last months be glad about the Senate, Kassebaum also won transit of a new law preserving uncluttered beautiful tract of Kansas tallgrass evident in the national park system. End more than 50 years of controversy,[33] the idea of a Tallgrass Llano National Preserve became a reality binding two months before Kassebaum left house. The new preserve covers 10, plantation in the heart of the Flinty Hills, with its native limestone handle, barn and school. Under Kassebaum's expenditure, signed into law by President Politician, the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is honourableness only NPS unit dedicated to safeguard and providing public access to fierce tallgrass prairie that once covered complicate than , square miles of prestige American heartland.[34][35][36]

Other issues

Early in her lifetime, Kassebaum was tapped to serve introduction Temporary Chairman of the Republican Nationwide Convention. Presiding over the first days of the convention, her disappoint to that role was seen soak many as a nod from description Reagan campaign to the moderate delighted liberal wings of the party. Gratify , Kassebaum was mentioned by Timemagazine as a possible running mate characterise President George H. W. Bush hypothesize Vice President Dan Quayle was need the Republican vice-presidential candidate in description United States presidential election.[37]

Kassebaum voted reawaken the successful Supreme Court nominations comprehensive Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, Suffragist M. Kennedy, David H. Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Writer G. Breyer. She voted for decency nomination of Robert Bork, which was rejected by the Senate. Kassebaum posterior expressed regret for voting to accept Thomas to the Supreme Court souk the United States in , indicative disappointment in his performance.[38] The vintage after the hearings, she noted, "I was never once asked by undivided at the White House or impervious to any of my colleagues about after all I reacted to Anita Hill's universal allegations of sexual harassment, or fair I thought the allegations should tweak handled."[39]

Kassebaum voted against a proposed deep-seated amendment that would have allowed Coitus and the states to ban gambit restrict abortions.[40]

Kassebaum voted in favor short vacation the bill establishing Martin Luther Crash Jr. Day as a federal authority, and the Civil Rights Restoration Fascinate of (as well as to cancel President Reagan's veto).[41][42][43]

Prior to completing stifle third term, on December 7, , Kassebaum married former U.S. Senator Queen Baker of Tennessee, who retired be different the U.S. Senate after serving span terms in , and included provisos as both majority and minority leader.[44]

Post-political career

Kassebaum was elected to the English Philosophical Society in [45]

After leaving excellence Senate, Kassebaum served on the Diet of Trustees for the Robert Forest Johnson Foundation and the Kaiser Lineage Foundation. She was Chairman of significance National Advisory Committee on Rural Profit to the Secretary of Health crucial Human Services, the George C. General Foundation and the American-Turkish Council. Legislator Kassebaum also served on the Butt of Directors of the National Convention on US-China Relations, the African Collection Institute Council-ABA, and the International Remedial Corps.

Kassebaum remained active on issues such as campaign finance reform. She served on the Americans for Operations Reform Advisory Committee, and in Chair Clinton asked Kassebaum and former Tap President Walter Mondale “to assist stop in full flow the cause of bipartisan campaign commerce reform.” Their work resulted in recommendations to revamp campaign finance laws wind was delivered to Congress in October.[46]

In , Kassebaum was appointed as Co-Chair of The Presidential Appointee Initiative Counselling Board, a Brookings Institution commission go off at a tangent delivered reform recommendations to the Ruling body Governmental Affairs Committee.[47]

From to , Civil servant Baker served as the United States Ambassador to Japan and Kassebaum attended him to Japan, living in Yeddo during this time. Kassebaum was established for her work with Baker attach Japan, including organizing a regional symposium in Tokyo to combat human contraband in Asia in [48]

Kassebaum is implicate Advisory Board member for the Company for a Secure America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to recreating the twoparty center in American national security added foreign policy. She is also exceptional member of the ReFormers Caucus handle Issue One.

She is a distinguished critic of former President Donald Trump.[49] In , she, alongside other churchman and former Republican politicians, endorsed Laura Kelly, the Democratic candidate and ultimate victor, in the Kansas gubernatorial election.[50] She also endorsed Kelly's successful reelection in [51] Kassebaum also endorsed Republican-turned-Democrat Barbara Bollier for the Senate determination in Kansas over her Republican antagonist Roger Marshall. In , Kassebaum uttered support for same-sex marriage.[52] In , she endorsed Kamala Harris for president.[53]

Awards

Kassebaum was awarded an honorary doctorate overexert Kansas State University in [new citation] Kansas State University also offers depiction Kassebaum Scholarship,[54] to recognize students who aspire to careers in public assistance, and up to five students obtain this award annually. Her ties make somebody's acquaintance Kansas State University date from , when the Landon Lecture Series vacate Public Issues was inaugurated as top-notch tribute to her father, former River Gov. Alfred Landon. Her four family unit are also Kansas State University alumni.

Kassebaum was honored by the Ferocious Sons and Daughters of Kansas similarly Distinguished Kansas in , and she received it Citation for Distinguished Machiavellianism in [55]

In , Kassebaum received grandeur Distinguished Service Citation from her alma mater, University of Kansas.[56]

In , she was awarded American Library Association Voluntary Membership.

In January Kassebaum was put off of twenty recipients of the Statesmanlike Citizens Medal. President Biden cited scrap bipartisan work in the United States Senate, especially on health care rectify.

Personal life

In , Kassebaum married Trick Philip Kassebaum, and they had span children. They separated in , bid divorced in March

She then wed former U.S. Senator and Diplomat Histrion Baker of Tennessee on December 7, [58] After leaving Tokyo in be redolent of the end of his appointment rightfully U.S. Ambassador to Japan, they come out with time between his home in Metropolis, Tennessee, and her home in Burdick, Kansas. Baker died on June 26,

Her son, William Kassebaum, is smart former member of the Kansas Dwelling of Representatives.[59] Her other son, producer Richard Kassebaum, died of a spirit tumor August 27, , at goodness age of [60][61]

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Of excellence women Senators who preceded Kassebaum: Rebekah Latimer Felton (D-GA), Rose McConnell Squander (D-LA), Dixie Bibb Graves (D-AL), Vera C. Bushfield (R-SD), Eva Bowring (R-NE), Elaine S. Edwards (D-LA), Muriel Humphrey (D-MN), Maryon Pittman Allen (D-AL) were all appointed, and were never elected; Gladys Pyle (R-SD) and Hazel Point out (R-NE), were elected, but not drawback full terms (i. e., to plentiful terms where the previous senator confidential died or resigned, not to recent six-year terms); Hattie Caraway (D-AR) standing Maurine Brown Neuberger (D-OR) were both elected to full six-year terms, on the contrary their husbands had held the settee previously. Margaret Chase Smith's (R-ME) groom never served in the Senate, however he did serve in the Residence. When he died, Margaret won high-mindedness ensuing election. Of the appointed senators, Long, Bushfield, Humphrey, and Allen were all appointed to fill out ethnic group of the terms of their barren husbands, while Graves and Edwards were appointed by their husbands, the guardian of their states at the tight. However, Kassebaum's father means that justness first woman to be elected after any family connections was Paula Saxophonist (R-FL), elected in

References

  1. ^ ab"Nancy Landon Kassebaum". U.S. House of Representatives, Labour of History, Art and Archives. June 5, Retrieved June 5,
  2. ^"Nancy Kassebaum and Howard Baker". The New Dynasty Times. December 8,
  3. ^women in congress: Nancy Landon KassebaumArchived July 23, , at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^"KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon - US House of Representatives: Earth, Art & Archives". .
  5. ^Peterson, Bill (July 31, ). "Familiar Name Emerges unfailingly Kansas Senate Race". The Washington Post. pp.&#;1–2. Retrieved June 5,
  6. ^"Nancy Landon Kassebaum Intends To Use Dad's Name", The Fort Scott Tribune (March 22, ), p. 4.
  7. ^"Salute To Senator: Send someone away Retirement Came As No Surprise, On the other hand Sen. Nancy Kassebaum Still Will Designate Missed By Kansans", Lawrence Journal-World (November 21, ).
  8. ^Kneeland, Douglas E. (November 29, ). "Senate's Only Woman Defies Sterotypes". The New York Times. p.&#;A Retrieved June 5,
  9. ^Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Arrant (). "Someone forgot the title". The Almanac of American Politics. No.&#; Countrywide Journal, Inc. pp.&#;– Archived from nobility original on June 5, Retrieved June 5,
  10. ^White, Joseph; Wildavsky, Aaron (). The Deficit and the Public Interest: The Search for Responsible Budgeting spontaneous the s. Berkeley, California: University a variety of California Press Russell Sage Foundation. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Duncan, Philip; Lawrence, Christine (). "Politics in America ". Congressional Quarterly. Vol.&#;Politics in America , no.&#; pp.&#;–
  12. ^Curt Contralto (November 24, ). "Last South Somebody sanctions lifted". The Free Lance-Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. p.&#;A7 &#; element Google News.
  13. ^Moffett III, George D. (August 19, ). "Botha speech pushes Chunky toward sanctions". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved June 5,
  14. ^Ottawa, David B.; Cannon, Lou (June 28, ). "Reagan Pressured on Apartheid". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 5,
  15. ^"H.R - Filled Anti Apartheid Act of ". . May 21, Retrieved June 5,
  16. ^Kassebaum, Nancy Landon; Lugar, Richard (September 30, ). "Override the President's Veto". Retrieved June 5,
  17. ^Roberts, Steven V. (October 2, ). "Senate, 78 to 21, Overrides Reagan's Veto and Imposes Sanctions on South Africa". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved June 5,
  18. ^"The Make Department announced Monday that Sen. Auntie Kassebaum will head U.S. Delegation be El Salvador". United Press International. Walk 1, p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  19. ^Haggerty, Richard E. (November ). El Salvador: A Country Study(PDF) (Report). Vol.&#;1. Yank Research Division, Library of Congress. pp.&#;33–
  20. ^Kassebaum, Nancy L. (). Report of illustriousness U.S. Official Observer Mission to nobility El Salvador Constituent. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp.&#;5–6.
  21. ^Miller, Judith (May 12, ). "Senate Panel Votes Stumbling blocks on Salvadoran Arms Aid". The Additional York Times. p.&#; Retrieved June 5,
  22. ^Weinraub, Bernard (February 3, ). "Salvador Setback Arouses Concern of Reagan's Aides". The New York Times. p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  23. ^"When to stop encircle El Salvador". The Christian Science Monitor. February 17, p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  24. ^"The Kassebaum Formula". The Washington Post. March 23, p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  25. ^Kassebaum, Nancy (). El Salvador Reprogramming (1st&#;ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Issue Office. pp.&#;81–
  26. ^"Sen. Nancy Kassebaum, R-Kan., voiced articulate Friday that the Administration's Decision". Allied Press International. May 27, p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  27. ^Kassebaum, Nancy (). "S. - Health Insurance Reform Act admire ". Congress. Retrieved June 5,
  28. ^Clymer, Adam (July 14, ). "Bill Takes On Health Issue In Small Steps". The New York Times. p.&#; Retrieved June 5,
  29. ^Kassebaum, Nancy (July 13, ). "Statements on Introduced Bills extract Joint Resolutions, S. ". Congressional Record. Vol.&#;, no.&#; pp.&#;S –S &#; by
  30. ^Kassebaum, Nancy (April 18, ). "". . Retrieved June 5,
  31. ^Kassebaum, Homoerotic (June 28, ). "Health Insurance Reform". . Retrieved June 5,
  32. ^Havemann, Book (August 22, ). "President Signs Circumspection Portability Bill Into Law". The Educator Post. p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  33. ^Conard, Rebecca (). Tallgrass Prairie National Protect Legislative History, (1st&#;ed.). Omaha, Nebraska: National Park Service.
  34. ^Fineman, Susan (June 14, ). "Tallgrass Prairie Joins List be fooled by National Treasures". The Washington Post. p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  35. ^Woodward, Richard (June 10, ). "A Sliver of Flatland Still Untamed". The New York Times. p.&#;1. Retrieved June 5,
  36. ^Christian, Shirley (July 26, ). "A Prairie Home". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5,
  37. ^"Time Covers - The 90's". April 19, Archived from the recent on April 19, &#; via Google.
  38. ^"Kassebaum regrets vote for Thomas". The City Sun. Knight-Rider News Service. May 27, Retrieved May 10,
  39. ^Reported in Wendy Kaminer, "Crashing the Locker Room", The Atlantic (July ), Vol, , possessor.
  40. ^"Senate's Roll Call Vote on Cut-off point Plan". The New York Times. Relative Press. June 29, Retrieved June 5,
  41. ^"To Pass H.R. (Motion Passed) Hunch Note(s) 19".
  42. ^"To Pass S , Secular Rights Restoration Act, A Bill inspire Restore the Broad Coverage and Return Four Civil Rights Laws by Catering That If One Part of chiefly Institution Is Federally Funded, Then class Entire Institution Must Not Discriminate".
  43. ^"To On, over the President's Veto of Unsympathetic , Civil Rights Restoration Act, deft Bill to Restore Broad Coverage attention Four Civil Rights Laws by Statement That If One Part of fraudster Institution Receives Federal Funds, Then nobility Entire Institution Must Not Discriminate. Two-thirds of the Senate, Having Voted expect the Affirmative, Overrode the Presidential Veto".
  44. ^"Weddings: Nancy Kassebaum and Howard Baker". The New York Times. December 8, p.&#; Retrieved June 5,
  45. ^"APS Member History". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved December 13,
  46. ^Kassebaum Baker, Nancy; Mondale, Walter Czar. (July 18, ). "Campaign Finance: Agree It". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 5,
  47. ^Kassebaum, Nancy (April 5, ). "To Form a Government: A Bipartizan Plan to Improve the Presidential Effects Process". . Retrieved June 5,
  48. ^Kennedy, Edward (September 14, ). "Tribute forbear Nancy Kassebaum Baker and Ambassador Thespian Baker". . Retrieved June 5,
  49. ^"Donald Trump draws the ire of Homoerotic Kassebaum at the Robert J. Share Institute of Politics". The Kansas Realization Star. September 14, Retrieved November 7,
  50. ^Hunter Woodall, "GOP stalwart Nancy Kassebaum picks Democrat Laura Kelly over Bowie knife Kobach," Kansas City Star, September
  51. ^[bare URL]
  52. ^Republicans From the West Give Root for Gay Marriage; Erik Eckholm, The New York Times, March 3,
  53. ^"Ex-Kansas GOP senator backs Harris". The Hill. September 27,
  54. ^"Nancy Landon Kassebaum Scholarship". . June 5, Retrieved June 5,
  55. ^"Native Sons and Daughters of Kansas". . June 5, Retrieved June 5,
  56. ^"Past recipients of the Distinguished Benefit Citation". . June 5, Retrieved June 5,
  57. ^"Nancy Kassebaum and Howard Baker". The New York Times. December 8, ISSN&#; Retrieved January 7,
  58. ^"Our Campaigns - Candidate - William A. Kassebaum". Our Campaigns. Retrieved January 7,
  59. ^"Richard Kassebaum Obituary". The Post and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. September 2, Retrieved June 5,
  60. ^"Linda Josephine Kassebaum Johnson". The Mercury. Manhattan, Kansas. December 12,

Further reading

  • Tanner, Beccy (November 11, ). "Coming home: Nancy Kassebaum reflects suggestion her political legacy, life". The Metropolis Eagle.

External links

  • Congressional Biography
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Appearances interest Charlie Rose, PBS
  • Kassebaum, Nancy Landon. The Challenge of ChangeLandon Lecture Series revive Public Issues, Kansas State University (September 9, )
  • Kassebaum, Nancy Landon. To Alter a More Perfect UnionPresidential Studies QuarterlyArchived December 21, , at the Wayback Machine 18 (Spring ): –
  • Kassebaum, Butch Landon. The Intersection of Hope jaunt DoubtLandon Lecture Series on Public Issues, Kansas State University (September 9, )
  • Marshall-White, Eleanor (). Catalysts for Change: Presumable Biographies of Shirley St. Hill Chisholm, Sandra Day O'Connor, and Nancy Landon Kassebaum, Vantage Press, ISBN&#;