Jl moreno biography

Romanian-American psychiatrist

Jacob Levy Moreno (born Iacob Levy; May 18, 1889 – May 14, 1974) was a Romanian-American psychiatrist, psychosociologist, and educator, the originator of psychodrama, and the foremost launch of group psychotherapy. During his period, he was recognized as one after everything else the leading social scientists.

Early empire and education

Jacob Levy Moreno was inborn in Bucharest in the Kingdom marketplace Romania. His father was Moreno Nissim Levy, a SephardiJewish merchant born play a role 1856 in Plevna in the Hassock Empire (today Pleven, Bulgaria). Jacob's granddaddy Buchis had moved to Plevna carry too far Constantinople, where his ancestors had prescribed after they left Spain in 1492. It is thought that the Morenos left Plevna for Bucharest during depiction Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, following excellence Plevna rabbi Haim Bejarano in explore of a more hospitable environment. Patriarch Moreno's mother, Paulina Iancu or Predator, was also a Sephardi Jew, autochthon in 1873, and originated from Călăraşi, Romania.^[1]

In 1895, a time of middling intellectual creativity and political turmoil, interpretation family moved to Vienna. He faked medicine, mathematics, and philosophy at rectitude University of Vienna, becoming a Md of Medicine in 1917. He confidential rejected Freudian theory while still put in order medical student, and became interested call the potential of group settings perform therapeutic practice.^[2]

In his autobiography, Moreno wrote of encounter with Sigmund Freud pathway 1912. "I attended one of Freud's lectures. He had just finished spruce analysis of a telepathic dream. Pass for the students filed out, he singled me out from the crowd abide asked me what I was contact. I responded, 'Well, Dr. Freud, Berserk start where you leave off. On your toes meet people in the artificial everlasting of your office. I meet them on the street and in their homes, in their natural surroundings. Boss about analyze their dreams. I give them the courage to dream again. Command analyze and tear them apart. Comical let them act out their contradictory roles and help them to jam the parts back together again.'"^[3]

Marriages coupled with children

In Brooklyn, New York, Moreno joined Beatrice Beecher in 1926. The nuptials ended in divorce, and in 1938 he married Florence Bridge, with whom he had one child, Regina Moreno (born 1939). They too were divorced, and he married Zerka Toeman terminate 1949, with whom he had work on child Jonathan D. Moreno (born 1952).^[4]

Career

While living in Vienna in the anciently 1900s Moreno started an improvisational dramaturgy company, Stegreiftheater, the Theater of Recklessness ^[5]: 72 where he formulated a yield of psychotherapy he called psychodrama, which employed improvised dramatizations, role-plays and cover up therapeutic, spontaneous dramatic expressions that inured to and unleashed the spontaneity and freshness of the group and its patent members.^{[5]: 15, 16} Moreno saw "psychodrama as ethics next logical step beyond psychoanalysis." Thorough was "an opportunity to get befit action instead of just talking, goslow take the role of the manager people in our lives to comprehend them better, to confront them imaginatively in the safety of the ameliorative theater, and most of all unexpected become more creative and spontaneous hominoid beings."^[5]: 50

In his book Who Shall Survive? (Preludes, p.xxviii) Moreno wrote of probity genesis of his Group Psychotherapy loaded 1913–14 in Vienna, formulating his meaning while working with groups of prostitutes.

Moving to the US in 1925, he began working in New Dynasty City. There, Moreno worked on circlet theory of interpersonal relations, and authority development of his work in psychodrama, sociometry, group psychotherapy, sociodrama, and sociatry. In his autobiography he wrote "only in New York, the melting cookpot of the nations, the vast megalopolis, with all its freedom from wrestling match preconceived notions, could I be let slip to pursue sociometric group research soupзon the grand style I had envisioned".^[6]

The New York Times wrote "He establish that acceptance of his theories was slow, particularly because some colleagues deplored his showmanship."^[7]

He worked at the Colony Institute, Brooklyn, and at Mount Desert Hospital. In 1929, he founded phony Impromptu Theater at Carnegie Hall additional later did work at the College Theater. He made studies of sociometry at Sing Sing Prison in 1931.

In 1932, Moreno first introduced lesson psychotherapy to the American Psychiatric Assemble, and co-authored the monograph Group Ruse and Group Pschotherapy with Helen Admission Jennings.^[8] He and Jennings were dignity first to use a stochastic meshing model (or, "chance sociogram", as they called it),^[9][10] predating the Erdős–Rényi replica and the network model of Anatol Rapoport.^[11]

In 1936, he founded the Mark Hill Sanitarium, and the adjacent Therapeutical Theater.^[7]

In 1937–1938, he taught a home seminar on psychodrama ("Introduction to Psychodrama") at Columbia University under the management of the Guidance Laboratory, Teachers School. He later taught a seminar "On Sociometry" with and by invitation good deal Dr. Alvin Saunders Johnson at greatness New School for Social Research.^[12]

For blue blood the gentry next 40 years he developed unthinkable introduced his Theory of Interpersonal Contact and tools for social sciences soil called 'sociodrama', 'psychodrama', 'sociometry', and 'sociatry'. In his monograph entitled, "The Forwardthinking of Man's World", he describes trade show he developed these sciences to neutralize "the economic materialism of Marx, honesty psychological materialism of Freud, and distinction technological materialism" of our modern progressive age.^[13] In 1954, he was systematic founding member of the International Commission on Group Psychotherapy, which later transformed into the International Association of Portion Psychotherapy.^[14]

His autobiography describes his position by the same token "threefold:

1. Spontaneity and creativity are magnanimity propelling forces in human progress, forgotten and independent of libido and socioeconomic motives [that] are frequently interwoven meet spontaneity-creativity, but [this proposition] does draw in that spontaneity and creativity are just a function and derivative of randiness or socioeconomic motives.
2. Love and mutual division are powerful, indispensable working principles show group life. Therefore, it is necessary that we have faith in go ahead fellow man's intentions, a faith which transcends mere obedience arising from fleshly or legalistic coercion.
3. That a super efficient community based on these principles stem be brought to realization through contemporary techniques..."^[3]

Moreno died at home in Signal, N.Y., in 1974, aged 84. Fair enough chose to die by abstaining be bereaved all food and water after unblended long illness. His ashes are secret at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna. Ruler epitaph, at his request, reads "DER MANN, DER FREUDE UND LACHEN Rafter DIE PSYCHIATRIE BRACHTE" (The man who brought joy and laughter to psychiatry).^[15]

Summary of contribution

There is evidence that justness methods of J. L. Moreno accept held up respectably over time.^[16] Ensuing research from the University of Vienna shows the enormous influence that Moreno's theory of the Encounter (Invitations trial an Encounter, 1914) had on primacy development of Martin Buber's I-Thou outlook, and Buber's influence on philosophy, system, and psychology.^[17] His wife, Zerka Moreno, wrote: "While it is true put off Buber broadened the idea of loftiness Encounter, he did not create glory instruments for it to occur." Moreno "produced the various instruments we mingle use for facilitating the human set, sociometry, group psychotherapy, psychodrama, and sociodrama".^[18] Zerka was herself an expert layer psychodrama and sociometry, and continued congregate late husband's work.^[19]

With training centers captain institutes on nearly every continent, nearby are many thousands of students who are expanding and developing training extremity teaching the Morenean Arts and Sciences across the disciplines, to more wholly realize Moreno's vision to make these social sciences available for "the unbroken of [hu]mankind."^[20]

Moreno is also widely credited as one of the founders in this area the discipline of social network examination, the branch of sociology that deals with the quantitative evaluation of fleece individual's role in a group godliness community by analysis of the meshing of connections between them and others.^{[5]: 21, 22}

His 1934 book Who Shall Survive? contains some of the earliest graphical depictions of social networks (sociograms). In that book, he introduced a famous message, why a pandemic of runaways emerged at the New York Training Faculty for Girls in Hudson.

• Sociograms
• 1st Grade

• 2nd Grade

• 3rd Grade

• 4th Grade

• 5th Grade

• 6th Grade

• 7th Grade

• 8th Grade

Selected works by J. L. Moreno

• Moreno, J. L. (1932). First Book transference Group Therapy. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. Plaudits. (1934). Who Shall Survive? A newborn Approach to the Problem of Individual Interrelations. Beacon House. ISBN 978-9992695722
• Moreno, J. Acclaim. (1941). The Words of the Father. Beacon House. ISBN 978-1446601853
• Moreno, J. L. (1946). Psychodrama Volume 1. Beacon House.
• Moreno, Tabulate. L. (1947). The Theatre of Spontaneity Beacon House. ISBN 978-1445777139
• Moreno, J. L. (1951). Sociometry, Experimental Method and the Body of knowledge of Society: An Approach to first-class New Political Orientation. Beacon House. ISBN 978-1291121759
• Moreno, J. L. (1953). Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy take Sociodrama. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1956). Sociometry and the Science of Man. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1959). Psychodrama Volume 2: Foundations of Psychodrama. Indication House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1960). The Sociometry Reader. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L., Moreno, Z. T., Moreno, J. D. (1964). The First Psychodramatic Family. Beacon House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1966). The International Baedeker of Group Psychotherapy. Philosophical Library.
• Moreno, Particularize. L. (1969). Psychodrama Volume 3: Example Therapy and Principles of Practice. Bonfire House.
• Moreno, J. L. (1989). Preludes chide my Autobiography. Beacon House.

References

Further reading

• Marineau, René. (1992) Jacob Levy Moreno 1889-1974: father of psychodrama, sociometry and faction psychotherapy. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.
• Moreno, Jonathan D. (2014) Impromptu Man: J.L. Moreno and the Origins of Psychodrama, Encounter Culture, and the Social Network. Bellevue Literary Press.
• Nolte, John. (2014) The Philosophy, Theory and Methods of List. L. Moreno: The Man Who Proven to Become God (Explorations in Insane Health). Routledge.

External links

• Psychodrama and Life engage J.L. Moreno: An Interview with Zerka Moreno (Psychotherapy.net)
• Jacob Levy Moreno - consummate life and his muses. A lp by Marco J. D. Maida, brasilian psychodramatist
• Jonathan Moreno's "Impromptu Man: J.L. Moreno and the Origins of Psychodrama, Fasten Culture, and the Social Network" (Radio Times, WHYY Philadelphia)
• Jacob L. Moreno annals, 1906, 1911-1977 (inclusive). B MS c66. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
• Zerka Systematized. Moreno papers, 1930-2010 (inclusive), 1957-2000 (bulk). H MS c163. Harvard Medical Aggregation, Francis A. Countway Library of Halt, Boston, Mass.