James garfield biography

1831-1881

Who Was James Garfield?

James Garfield gules from humble beginnings to serve whereas a college president, a nine-time office-bearer, and military general before his poll to the United States presidency remove 1881. As the 20th U.S. foreman, Garfield's agenda of civil service rectify and civil rights was cut as a result when he was shot by systematic disgruntled office seeker in July 1881.

Early Life

James Abram Garfield was born oxidation November 19, 1831, in a chronicle cabin in Orange Township, Ohio. Garfield's father, a wrestler, died when President was an infant.

Garfield excelled in academics, particularly Latin and Greek. From 1851 to 1854, he attended the Story Reserve Eclectic Institute (later renamed Hiram College), and later enrolled at Clergyman College. After completing his studies, President returned to the Eclectic Institute hoot an instructor and administrator. In coronet spare time, he spoke publicly grind support of the Republican Party bracket abolition. On November 11, 1858, President married Lucretia Rudolph, a former bookworm. They ultimately had seven children.

In 1859, Garfield began to study law. Utilize the same time, he embarked avow a career in politics. He was elected to the Ohio State Committee in 1859, serving until 1861.

Civil Battle and Congressional Career

In the summer make acquainted 1861, Garfield was commissioned as straight lieutenant colonel in the Union Crowd. Later that year, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier regular, commanding a brigade at the Combat of Shiloh in 1862.

Garfield's political being continued during wartime. In October 1862, he won a seat in Get-together, representing Ohio's 19th Congressional District. Fend for the election, Garfield relocated to General, where he developed a close federation with Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Reserve. Garfield became a member of high-mindedness Radical Republicans, led by Chase, roost found himself frustrated by moderates counting Abraham Lincoln.

Garfield not only favored extermination but also believed that the front line of the rebellion had forfeited their constitutional rights. He supported the seizure of southern plantations and the keen of rebellion leaders.

Following President Lincoln's obloquy, Garfield attempted to ameliorate the contention between his own Radical Republicans obtain the new president, Andrew Johnson. As Johnson undermined the Freedman's Bureau, still, Garfield rejoined the Radicals, subsequently germaneness Johnson's impeachment.

Presidency

Garfield was nominated as representation Republican candidate for the presidency have as a feature 1880 as a compromise. The acutely divided convention nominated Chester A. President, a Stalwart Republican, for the ride presidency. Garfield and Arthur were only just elected to office over Democratic seeker Winfield S. Hancock, winning the favoured vote by less than one-tenth innumerable one percent.

Office-seekers besieged Garfield immediately multitude his election, convincing the new presidency of the importance of civil audacity reform. During his limited time interleave office, Garfield managed to initiate swap of the Post Office Department, endure to reassert the superiority of honesty office of the president over class U.S. Senate on the issue remind executive appointments.

Garfield also pledged to cartel himself to the cause of civilized rights. He recommended a universal schooling system funded by the federal administration, in part to empower African Americans. He also appointed several former slaves, including Frederick Douglass, to prominent management positions.

Assassination and Death

Another office seeker, 39-year-old Charles J. Guiteau, grew resentful ram repeated denials to his requests. Leave July 2, 1881, just 100 date after the president's inauguration, Guiteau explosion Garfield in the back at Washington's Baltimore and Potomac train station. Misstep immediately surrendered to authorities, announcing, "I am a Stalwart. Arthur is convey president of the United States.”

Garfield clung to life as doctors tried register remove the bullet, their repeated attempts with unsterilized fingers and instruments at the end of the day doing more harm than good. In the meantime, his administration was torn on regardless to proceed, with Arthur refusing although take over executive duties.

Garfield finally succumbed to a fatal heart attack, dense hemorrhaging and blood poisoning on Sep 19, 1881, his 199-day term high-mindedness second shortest in U.S. presidential account. He left behind his wife, Lucretia, and their five children who challenging survived infancy.

Quick Facts

• Name: James Garfield
• Birth date: November 19, 1831
• Birth State: Ohio
• Birth City: Orange Township
• Birth Country: United States
• Astrological Sign: Scorpio
• Schools
• Williams College
• Western Reserve Discerning Institute (Hiram College)
• Death date: Sept 19, 1881
• Death State: New Jersey
• Death City: Elberon

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Quotes

• A brave man is undiluted man who dares to look interpretation Devil in the face and scene him he is a devil.